CHART of MAJOR CIVIL RIGHTS WINS 1865-1965
The walls around Sweet Auburn Go Up after the 1906 Race Riot & are then knocked down by targeted Legal Wins.
| YEARS | CIVIL RIGHTS LEGAL WINS & ORGANIZATIONS | YEARS | PRIMITIVE LEGAL PRACTICES & VALUES THAT ARE GRADUALLY OVERTURNED | |
| 1865, 1868, 1870 | 13,14,15 Amendments | 1865, 1868, 1870 | Slavery Ended Voting Rights for ALL males Institutionalized |
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| 1905 | July 9, 1905 Niagara Movement Atlantans Jesse Max Barber, George A. Towns, John Hope, Alonzo Herndon and his son Norris Herndon were in attendance. | UGLY Walls that Went Up Without legal Civil Rights:
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| 1906 | September 22, 1906 Race Riot violence creates Sweet Auburn as a “safe place” to be and compacts an educated population into a small area that MLK grows up within. | |||
| 1909 | NAACP (The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) Dedicated Organization actively pursues Civil Rights legal wins. |
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| 1890’s – 2022 | Anti-Lynching Awareness-The fight for a federal anti-lynching law spanned over 120 years, with numerous failed attempts. The need for such legislation was highlighted by the horrific murder of Emmett Till in 1955, which galvanized the Civil Rights Movement. | Lynching gradually fades but not specifically outlawed until 2022. | ||
| 1954 | Brown VS the Board of Education | Segregation is illegal. This is the pivotal legal win by the NAACP for Civil Rights to become reality. In May 1954, the Supreme Court issued a unanimous 9–0 decision in favor of the Browns. The Court ruled that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,” and therefore laws that impose them violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. | ||
| 1955 | Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white passenger on December 1, 1955 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks |
1956 | Supreme Court as Browder v. Gayle, ruled the statute mandating segregation of Montgomery buses unconstitutional. Together with the murder of Emmitt Till, the modern Civil Rights Movement is galvanized. | |
| 1957 | SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference). MLK is the first president. | Civil Rights Leaders actively work to communicate and enforce the law in the South. | ||
| 1960 | SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Coalition | Students actively work to communicate and enforce the law in the South. | ||
| 1964 | The Civil Rights Act | Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools and public accommodations, and employment discrimination. The act “remains one of the most significant legislative achievements in American history”. | ||
| 1965 | Voting Rights Act | 1887-1965 | This law banned states from making it difficult for people to vote. Jim Crow Laws abolished 1965 |
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| 1968 | Fair Housing Act | Klu Klux Klan withers | ||
| 2022 | Emmett Till Anti lynching Act |
Please visit this site for a detailed historical timeline of legal wins starting 1948: https://www.history.com/articles/civil-rights-movement-timeline